You can use the memory-size iomem software command to configure DRAM as a mixture of shared memory, which is used for data transmitted or received by network modules and WAN interface cards, and primary or main memory, which is reserved for the CPU.
To identify a 3. See Figure 4. Step 1 Power off the router. Step 2 Attach an ESD-preventive wrist strap and ensure that it makes good contact with your skin. Step 3 Open the cover following the instructions in the "Removing the Chassis Cover" section. Be careful not to break the holders on the DIMM connector. See Table 1. Gently rock the DIMM back into place until the latch on either side snaps into place. See Step 3 and Step 4 of part B in Figure 6. Do not use excessive force, because the connector might break.
Step 8 Reinstall the router cover. Follow the instructions in the "Closing the Chassis" section. To see how much memory is currently installed in the router, enter the show version command while the router is in privileged EXEC mode Router.
The first number represents primary memory, and the second number represents shared memory. DIMMs are manufactured with polarization notches to ensure proper orientation, and alignment holes to ensure proper positioning.
Figure 8 shows the polarization notches and alignment holes on a DIMM. Step 1 Attach an ESD-preventive wrist strap and ensure that it makes good contact with your skin.
This ejects the DIMM from its socket. Step 3 Hold the DIMM with the polarization notch on the right, near the rear of the chassis, and with the connector edge at the bottom. Push firmly into place, as shown in Step 1 of Figure 9. When the DIMM is properly seated, the socket guide posts fit through the alignment holes, and the locking spring clips click into place, as shown in Step 2 of Figure 9. See Figure 9. Step 7 Reinstall the router cover. The system code router operating system software is stored in a flash memory pin single in-line memory module SIMM in Cisco x , Cisco x , Cisco x , and Cisco 26 xx XM routers.
You need the following tools to remove and replace the system-code SIMM on the router:. There is one system-code flash memory SIMM socket on the system board.
You can verify how much flash memory is already installed in your router by entering the show flash EXEC command. Note For more information about the copy flash tftp command and other related commands, refer to the Cisco IOS configuration and command reference publications. You can also order printed copies. See the "Obtaining Documentation" section for ordering information. See the note above. See Figure Step 1 If you have not already done so, enter the copy flash tftp command in privileged EXEC mode to back up the system code.
Step 2 Power off the router. Step 3 Remove all cables from the rear panel of the router. Step 4 Attach an ESD-preventive wrist strap and ensure that it makes good contact with your skin. Step 5 Open the chassis cover following the procedure in the "Removing the Chassis Cover" section. Step 7 If necessary, remove the existing system-code SIMM by pulling outward on the connector holders to unlatch them.
Gently rock the SIMM back into place until the latches on both sides snap into place. Step 10 Replace the router cover following the procedure in the "Closing the Chassis" section. Step 3 Orient and insert the new ROM in its socket as shown in Figure 15 , being careful to not bend or crush any of the bottom pins. To straighten out a bent pin, use needlenose pliers.
Tip Before testing your ROM installation, close the router chassis using the procedure provided in the "Closing the Chassis" section. Test your installation by rebooting the router. Reboot the router again. Step 1 Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , press the two chassis sections together and verify the following:. The bottom section fits into the front of the top section. For example, you can configure a secondary dial tone to be heard after the number 9 is dialed to reach an external line.
The Cisco IP Phone G, is a cost-effective, entry-level IP phone addressing the voice communications needs of a lobby, laboratory, manufacturing floor, or hallway—or other areas where only basic calling capability is required. For further information, go to Cisco.
The Cisco IP Phone G provides core business features and addresses the communication needs of a cubicle worker who conducts low to medium telephone traffic. The Cisco IP Phone G offers four dynamic soft keys that guide a user through call features and functions. Phone users access the list of local speed-dial numbers from the Directories button. Phone users access their list of personal speed-dial numbers from the Directories button.
Cisco IP Phone and Cisco IP Phone users can enter account codes during call setup or while connected to an active call, using the Acct soft key. Account codes are inserted into call detail records CDRs on the CME router for later interpretation by billing software. This feature allows callers who dial a busy extension number to request a callback from the system when a called number that was busy is free. Callers can also request callbacks for extensions that do not answer and the system will notify them after the called phone is next used.
When DND is enabled, incoming calls do not ring on the phone, but do provide visual alerting and call information and can be answered if desired. A display message indicates that DND is in effect.
Call forwarding on busy and no answer operates the same as without DND. The set of supported languages varies by phone type. Certain PSTN services, such as three-way calling and call waiting, require hookflash intervention from a phone user.
The Flash soft key is enabled using the fxo hook-flash command. Dual-line extensions are available to handle call-waiting, call transfer, or conferencing using a single button. An extension ephone-dn overlay allows more than one ephone-dn to use the same physical line button on an IP phone. Overlaid ephone-dns can be used to receive incoming calls and place outgoing calls.
In particular, the GUI facilitates the routine adds and changes associated with employee turnover, allowing these changes to be performed by non-technical staff. This person does not have to be trained in Cisco IOS software. The label support feature allows you to enter a meaningful text string to view in the display adjacent to an extension button on an IP phone rather than the extension number that is associated with that button.
For multi-button phones and expansion modules, the buttons for extensions that are shared with other phones can be designated as monitor buttons, which show the status of those extensions on the other phones. When not in use, a monitor line can be used with the Transfer soft key to quickly transfer a call. The Cisco CME system automatically creates a local phone directory based on the telephone numbers that are assigned during the configuration of extensions and phones.
Additional entries to the local CME directory can be made using the directory entry command. The silent ring feature allows you to designate phone buttons that do not emit an audible ring when they receive incoming calls. Although this feature is supported by all phone types, it is most useful on phone buttons that are used to display the activity of shared lines, which are typically found on the Cisco IP Phone and Cisco IP Phone Expansion Module Dual-registration allows SIP IP phones to simultaneously register with both their primary and fallback registrar devices.
The voice register pool configuration provides registration permission control and can also be used to configure some dial peer attributes that are applied to the dynamically created VoIP dial peers when SIP Phone registrations match the pool.
The voice gateway responds to the originator with a SIP Redirect message, allowing the SIP phone that originated the call to establish a call to its destination. The first longest match route on a gateway dial-peer destination pattern was used in the Contact header of the message.
With release They are:. With H. SIP gateways now allow the same functionality, but with the registration taking place with a SIP proxy or registrar. SIP gateways allow registration of E. The Cisco IP Phone G is a single-line IP phone, with fixed feature keys that provide one-touch access to the redial, transfer, conference, and voice-mail access features. This capability gives the network administrator centralized power control—translating into greater network availability.
The graphic capability of the display provides a rich user experience by providing calling information and intuitive access to features. This capability gives the network administrator centralized power control, translating into greater network availability. The combination of in-line power and Ethernet switch support reduces cabling needs to a single wire to the desktop.
The new system message command allows you to edit these display messages on a per router basis. A new keyword has been added to the max-dn command allows you to set IP phones to dual-line mode. Each dual-line IP phone must have one voice port and two channels to handle two independent calls. This mode enables call waiting, call transfer, and conference functions on a single ephone-dn. Dual-line mode works with all phone types.
The date format on Cisco IP phone displays can be configured with the following two additional formats:. A ringing timeout default can be configured for extensions on which no-answer call forwarding has not been enabled. Expiration of the timeout causes incoming calls to return a disconnect code to the caller.
This mechanism provides protection against hung calls for inbound calls received over interfaces such as foreign exchange office FXO that do not have forward-disconnect supervision. The show ephone command has been enhanced to display the following:. Diagnostic messages are added to the system log whenever a phone registers or unregisters from Cisco SRST.
For conferencing to be available, an IP phone must have a minimum of two lines connected to one or more buttons. Several international languages and call-progress tone sets are newly supported.
There are approximately 10 new and modified commands. This feature implements the downloading of region-specific tones and the associated frequencies, amplitudes, and cadences using XML-based configuration files during gateway registration. The feature supports dual tones and sequential tones.
Cisco CallManager performs signal and call processing. When Cisco CallManager requests a specific tone, the gateway references the custom tone table associated with the network locale of the voice port. When the gateway registers to Cisco CallManager, or if the gateway restarts or resets, the network locale for each port is downloaded to the gateway.
Once the custom tone specification is downloaded to the gateway, it can also be used in H. The G. All other platforms continue to use the Cisco-proprietary ms EC by default.
Supports new standard. IEEE BackboneFast provides fast convergence in the network backbone after a spanning-tree topology change occurs. Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP snooping constrains the flooding of multicast traffic by dynamically configuring the interfaces so that multicast traffic is forwarded only to those interfaces associated with IP multicast devices. Per-port storm control prevents broadcast, multicast, and unicast storms. Per-port storm-control uses rising and falling thresholds to block and then restore the forwarding of broadcast, unicast, or multicast packets.
You can also set the switch to shut down the port when the rising threshold is reached. A routed port is a physical port that acts like a port on a router; it does not have to be connected to a router. A routed port is not associated with a particular VLAN, as is an access port. A routed port behaves like a regular router interface, except that it does not support subinterfaces. Routed ports can be configured with a Layer 3 routing protocol. Fallback bridging forwards traffic that the multilayer switch does not route and forwards traffic belonging to a nonroutable protocol such as DECnet.
There are 47 new Cisco IOS commands that support the feature enhancements. For additional information on the feature enhancements, also refer to the and Port Ethernet Switch Module for Cisco Series, Cisco Series, and Cisco Series feature module at:.
Should connection to the primary call manager fail, call processing reverts to a backup call manager until the connection to the primary is restored. Should connections to the primary and all backups fail, call processing reverts to H. When a connection is restored, call processing reverts to the primary or other available call manager and to MGCP.
You need a supported Cisco series router equipped with the following:. You need one or more Cisco CallManager systems, Version 3. This feature delivers Private Line Automatic Ringdown for the connection of turrets for the financial industry—primarily for corporations and enterprises that use turrets and POTS telephones for trading.
Implementation of this feature ensures that a call between traders on a PLAR connection will be maintained if one of the traders goes on-hook or on-hold. This new capability also ensures that bandwidth is used only when needed. For additional command syntax and configuration information, refer to the Private Line Automatic Ringdown for Trading Turrets feature module at:. When a voice port is configured with an incorrect destination number that may or may not be a valid number, the call may not perform as expected.
There is no cross-checking for turret PLAR from the origination voice port, but there is a check on the terminating voice port to prevent accepting a call from a calling party that is not preconfigured.
These network modules provide the ability to directly connect the PSTN and legacy telephony equipment to Cisco XM series, Cisco series, and Cisco series modular access routers, enabling important applications such as IP telephony, toll bypass, and full gateway integration.
These network modules support the following interface cards:. Features supported in this release include the following:. In addition to continuing support for configuring a fixed number of channels per DSP, the flex option enables the DSP to handle a flexible number of channels. The total number of supported channels varies from 6 to 16, depending on which codec is used for a call. All the signaling is transparently sent between the analog voice port and DS0 time slot, and will not be seen by the higher layer voice software.
The following Cisco IOS commands are introduced or modified to support this feature:. Cisco IOS software images are subject to deferral.
Cisco recommends that you view the deferral notices at the following location to determine if your software release is affected:. For general information about the types of documents listed in this section, refer to the following documents:. Caveats describe unexpected behavior in Cisco IOS software releases. Severity 1 caveats are the most serious caveats; severity 2 caveats are less serious. Severity 3 caveats are moderate caveats, and only selected severity 3 caveats are included in the caveats document.
This section contains open and resolved caveats for the current Cisco IOS maintenance release. These documents lists severity 1 and severity 2 caveats and only selected severity 3 caveats, and are located on Cisco. Caveat numbers and brief descriptions for Release Note If you have an account on Cisco. To reach the Bug Toolkit, l og in to Cisco. This section describes only severity 1 and 2 caveats and select severity 3 caveats. Symptoms: V. Conditions: This symptom is observed on V.
High-speed modem connections V. The successful exploitation enables an adversary to reset any established TCP connection in a much shorter time than was previously discussed publicly. Depending on the application, the connection may get automatically re-established. In other cases, a user will have to repeat the action for example, open a new Telnet or SSH session.
Depending upon the attacked protocol, a successful attack may have additional consequences beyond terminated connection which must be considered. This attack vector is only applicable to the sessions which are terminating on a device such as a router, switch, or computer and not to the sessions that are only passing through the device for example, transit traffic that is being routed by a router.
In addition, this attack vector does not directly compromise data integrity or confidentiality. All Cisco products which contain TCP stack are susceptible to this vulnerability. Symptoms: A router may reload unexpectedly because of a bus error when it accesses a low address during the translation of TCP port Symptoms: A router may reload unexpectedly after it attempts to access a low memory address.
Conditions: This symptom is observed after ACLs have been updated dynamically or after the router has responded dynamically to an IDS signature. Symptoms: A caller doing a blind transfer sees the error message, "Unable to transfer" on their IP phone even though the destination is ringing. This might affect the interoperablity between a call manager and IPIP gateway. Symptoms: A voice gateway incorrectly matches the wrong outbound dial-peer using called number digits collected from INFO messages.
The dial-peer mismatch occurs when the initial interdigit timeout expires because incorrect called number digits are used to find a matching dial-peer. Conditions: This happens when the enhanced default application is used on the terminating gateway and the terminating gateway receives a PROGRESS message with an inband progress indicator. Symptom: The following symptoms would occur if multiple instances are configured:.
Symptom: ITPs that are running MB10 images are susceptible to a caveat if using ANSI cluster routing in situations in which a member of a cluster becomes restricted while the overall cluster remains available. The result of this caveat is a RSP software reload.
A signalling point receiving such messages will start a Route-Set-Test procedure as described in Q Part of that procedure is an RST message from the signalling end point to the ITP to verify the status of the affected destination. This problem is very rarely seen. The show cs7 route detail command displays the following output:.
When routes with the same priority are specified using secondary point code, the route may be skipped during a walk of the cItpRouteTable. Workaround: Reorder the configuration statements for the involved linkset or rename them to have equal length names. You can avoid the problem by renaming the "sp-a" linkset to "sp-1a" so that the names are the same length.
Symptom: Concurrent transmission facility failures and SNMP polls can cause the ITP to report a linkset as available while no links in that linkset are active.
Workaround: Performing a shut and no shut of linkset or links sometimes, but not always, recovers from this situation. If this occurs, then switching over to the secondary processor or a reload is necessary. Concurrent transmission facility failures and SNMP polls can cause the ITP to report a linkset as available while no links in that linkset are active.
Shut and no shut of linkset or links sometimes but not always recovers from this situation. Workaround: Perform a switch-over to a secondary processor or to reload the ITP. Part of that procedure sends an RST message from the signaling end point to the ITP to verify the status of the affected destination. Symptom: When a remote process outage occurs at an adjacent node for a duration less than the ITP T1 timer defined for the link to the adjacent node, the link may stay unavailable indefinitely.
If this occurs, the link will remain in this state until the link is shut down and restarted. Symptom: When the first link in the second linkset of a combined linkset is activated, a changeback declaration CBD MSU is erroneously sent on the link being activated.
This message exchange is harmless. Symptom: The ITP may send excessive transfer-prohibited messages to an adjacent node during an adjacent SP restart when both cluster routes and member routes exist to the same destination and use the same route.
Under rare circumstances, it is possible for a linkset to remain unavailable, although the links in the linkset are available.
This may occur if the adjacent node does not send a TRA in response to an adjacent SP restart, the ITP was not configured to disable adjacent SP restart for the adjacent node by using the no adjacent-sp-restart configuration command, and an alternate route to the adjacent node became available after the adjacent SP restart began.
Workaround: Remove the linkset definition to the adjacent node, add it back again, and then activate the linkset. An ambiguous error is displayed when running the clear cs7 as and clear cs7 asroute commands. Workaround: Use the clear cs7 all command. The ITP's Global Title Address Conversion feature does not translate addresses correctly when the output address prefix is null that is, no out-address parameter was specified on the update command in global title translation GTT address conversion submode.
The absence of an output address prefix is intended to delete the input address prefix. Workaround: Configure the translation feature in such a way that it can be accomplished with output address prefixes that are not null. When ITP runs low of usable system memory, it is possible for a Signaling System 7 SS7 route to buffer for controlled rerouting indefinitely. The symptom is that message signaling units queue towards the impacted destination will be lost, resulting in application timeouts.
Upon reconfiguration of ITP, including point-code and variant, global title translation GTT routing failures may occur. Memory leak causing router to eventually fail. This could occur because of remote congestion or no route in the routing table. The following message is displayed before the system failure:.
Another scenario involves deleting the ITP variant by using the no cs7 variant command and then issuing the cs7 variant command. Workaround: Delete the GTT configuration before changing the variant or deleting the variant. The clear cs7 all command does not clear ITP access violation statistics. Workaround: These statistics can be cleared by issuing a clear cs7 accounting access-violations command. When no IP routing is entered and there are more than five links in the linkset, the links may flap.
Under very heavy load, a Cisco series router that is running ITP software may drop Signaling System 7 SS7 links if the commands show running-config or write memory are used. If an adjacent node does not support the MTP3 restart protocol, then the ITP waits as specified in timer T23 before putting any linkset into service.
Using the "no adjacent-restart" linkset configuration also during full MTP3 restart decreases the waiting time for a full restart to finish. The ITP does not provide measurements of how often mated applications have been used while performing global title translation.
The traffic should be reclassified as "best-effort" and use the default QoS class class 0. The cs7 inhibit and uninhibit link commands should not be allowed without entering enable mode first. An error can occur with management protocol processing. Go to the following URL for further information:. The ITP reports a route table successfully loaded from file, even if a previous error message indicates the file could not be accessed.
This happens if a filename is spelled wrong, or file access through TFTP is not possible. Workaround: Load the route table from local Flash memory and use the correct spelling.
Under a very heavy load, a Cisco series router that is running ITP software may drop Signaling System 7 SS7 links if the commands show running-config or write memory are used. The following sections describe the documentation available for the Cisco series. These documents consist of hardware and software installation guides, Cisco IOS configuration guides and command references, system error messages, feature modules, and other documents.
Documentation is available as printed manuals or electronic documents, except for feature modules, which are available online on Cisco. These documents are available for the Cisco series on Cisco. A feature module consists of a brief overview of the feature, benefits, configuration tasks, and a command reference. As updates, the feature modules are available online only. Feature module information is incorporated in the next printing of the Cisco IOS documentation set.
Cisco IOS software is packaged in feature sets that are supported on specific platforms. To get updated information regarding platform support for this feature, access Cisco Feature Navigator. Cisco Feature Navigator dynamically updates the list of supported platforms as new platform support is added for the feature.
Cisco Feature Navigator is a web-based tool that enables you to quickly determine which Cisco IOS software images support a specific set of features and which features are supported in a specific Cisco IOS image. You can search by feature or release. Under the release section, you can compare releases side by side to display both the features unique to each software release and the features in common.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, you must have an account on Cisco. Each module in the Cisco IOS documentation set consists of one or more configuration guides and one or more corresponding command references.
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